• Japanese/横山広美教授
• Member
• AI,Climate,Trust
• STS Barometer
• STEM Gender
• English/Prof.Hiromi Yokoyama

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2022.9 Ikkatai, Y., Hartwig, T., Takanashi, N. et al. Segmentation of ethics, legal, and social issues (ELSI) related to AI in Japan, the United States, and Germany. AI Ethics (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-022-00207-y(press release, プレスリリース)

Abstract:Artificial intelligence (AI) is often accompanied by public concern. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated a source of public concern using the framework for ethics, legal, and social issues (ELSI). Concern was compared among people in Japan, the United States, and Germany using four different scenarios: (1) the use of AI to replicate the voice of a famous deceased singer, (2) the use of AI for customer service, (3) the use of AI for autonomous weapons, and (4) the use of AI for preventing criminal activities. The results show that the most striking difference was in the response to the “weapon” scenario. Respondents from Japan showed greater concern than those in the other two countries. Older respondents had more concerns, and respondents who had a deeper understanding of AI were more likely to have concerns related to the legal aspects of it. We also found that attitudes toward legal issues were the key to segmenting their attitudes toward ELSI related to AI: Positive, Less skeptical of laws, Skeptical of laws, and Negative.

EとLとSを測定する３つの項目（論文２の結果）を用い、日米独で４つのシナリオを測定した。これを用いて、ELSの３次元の中で、人々を意見の傾向の異なる４つのグループに分けることが理想的であることがわかった。今後、議論の際などにこの４つのグループ分けが有用であると考えている。

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2022.1 Hartwig, T., Ikkatai, Y., Takanashi, N. & Yokoyama, H.M. (2022). 'Artificial intelligence ELSI score for science and technology: a comparison between Japan and the US'. AI & Soc. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01323-9

Abstract:For this study, we developed an AI ethics scale based on AI-specific scenarios. We investigated public attitudes toward AI ethics in Japan and the US using online questionnaires. We designed a test set using four dilemma scenarios and questionnaire items based on a theoretical framework for ethics, legal, and social issues (ELSI). We found that country and age are the most informative sociodemographic categories for predicting attitudes for AI ethics. Our proposed scale, which consists of 13 questions, can be reduced to only three, covering ethics, tradition, and policies. This new AI ethics scale will help to quantify how AI research is accepted in society and which area of ELSI people are most concerned with.

ELSIのEとLとSの併せて１３項目を用意し、4つのジレンマシナリオについて日米で測定を行った。特徴を分けるのは国、年齢の順であることがわかった。また、重要な項目はEとLとSの１つずつに絞り込むことができるとわかった。ELSIを元にしたAI倫理測定が可能かもしれない。

talk by T. Hartwig

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2022/1/11 OPEN ACCESS Y.Ikkatai, T.Hartwig, N.Takanashi & H.M. Yokoyama (2022). 'Octagon Measurement: Public Attitudes toward AI Ethics', International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction (プレスリリース, English press release)

Abstract:Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly permeating our lives, but public attitudes toward AI ethics have only partially been investigated quantitatively. In this study, we focused on eight themes commonly shared in AI guidelines: “privacy,” “accountability,” “safety and security,” “transparency and explainability,” “fairness and non-discrimination,” “human control of technology,” “professional responsibility,” and “promotion of human values.” We investigated public attitudes toward AI ethics using four scenarios in Japan. Through an online questionnaire, we found that public disagreement/agreement with using AI varied depending on the scenario. For instance, anxiety over AI ethics was high for the scenario where AI was used with weaponry. Age was significantly related to the themes across the scenarios, but gender and understanding of AI differently related depending on the themes and scenarios. While the eight themes need to be carefully explained to the participants, our Octagon measurement may be useful for understanding how people feel about the risks of the technologies, especially AI, that are rapidly permeating society and what the problems might be.

各国・団体が用意するAIガイドラインの共通部分が８つに絞り込まれている。これに注目をし、AI倫理を問う異なる４つのジレンマシナリオを用意し測定をした。これを「オクタゴン測定」と名付けて、AI倫理の測定として提案していきたい。

talk by H. Yokoyama

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